As a prospective home seller (or home buyer), you’ve probably heard of comparative market analysis. This tool has long been used by realtors and homeowners to gauge the value of their properties. This tutorial will teach you how to carry out a competitive market analysis of your home.
For more detailed lessons on real estate analysis, check out this course on the fundamentals of real estate valuation.
What is Comparative Market Analysis?
A comparative market analysis – simply called ‘CMA’ in industry parlance – is an analysis of active and recently sold homes similar to yours within a region. This is a very subjective analysis that can range from a couple of pages to a 50-page guide detailing each and every aspect of a home. Keep in mind that a CMA is not an appraisal. The value assigned to a home in a CMA is purely subjective and based on what a realtor believes he can sell a home for. It doesn’t have any legal or financial value.
Full Article
CMAs have long been used by realtors as a marketing tool to win listings. If your home has been on the market for a while, you may have already received letters and pamphlets from real estate agents offering a free CMA report to gauge the prospective value of your home. Depending on the realtor, these reports may be extraordinarily detailed or be just a couple of pages of comparable home sales within the region. The objective remains the same: to compare your home to recently sold and active listings in the surrounding area and give you a better idea of your home value.
How to Conduct a Comparative Market Analysis
As mentioned before, a CMA is a very subjective exercise. You (or your realtor) may look at ten or ten dozen sales. Your analysis may be limited to homes with the same block, or may expand to a couple of miles. The CMA might be entirely objective with a focus on square footage, number of bedrooms/bathrooms, key amenities, etc., or it may include subjective features as well such as design, construction, and style into account.
Which is to say: there are no hard and fast rules to conducting a CMA.
Having said that, any effective CMA should analyze the following things:
Home Analysis
The first step in conducting a CMA is to analyze your home. Ideally, this should include both objective and subjective elements, such as:
Square footage
Number of bedrooms and bathrooms
Land area
Number of floors
Construction age A comprehensive list of amenities and features such as swimming pool, fireplace, etc.
Location, including proximity to major roads, marketplaces, schools, etc.
Subjective features such as views, design, style, etc.
Recent improvements, if any.
Investing in real estate? Master the basics of real estate investment analysis in this course.
Listing Analysis
A CMA will always consider recently sold homes. It may also consider active, pending and withdrawn listings for an even better idea of prospective value.
1. Recently sold homes: Homes within the same region and with similar size, construction, amenities and location will often sell within the same price range. A long, hard look at recently sold listings will often tell you everything you need to know about your home’s prospective value. In fact, professional appraisers also use these listings to assign a value to a home. Most realtors consider sold listings from the past six months. Depending on the circumstances, they may expand their analysis to a year if there are very few comparable sales, or reduce it to the last few weeks in busy real estate markets. Realtors usually call similar recently sold homes comparables.
2. Active listings: This includes homes currently on the market. Understand that a home still waiting for a buyer represents prospective, not real value. Some sellers have high expectations and list their homes for far higher than their actual value. Others may reduce prices in hope for a quick sale. Market conditions also affect values of unsold homes. A sellers’ market tends to inflate values, while a buyer’s market tends to deflate values. Therefore, always consider active listings as an adjunct to recently sold home values.
3. Pending listings: This includes recently finalized deals that haven’t fully closed yet. You most likely won’t have access to actual selling price of these listings, but it does give you a general idea of the state of the market at the moment, at least in terms of the number of days a property spends on the market (called ‘DOM’ in realtor parlance).
4. Expired listings: These are listings that expired because they couldn’t find any buyers. Listings mostly expire when prices are too high. If homes similar to yours find their way into the expired listings, it might be an indication that you may have to price your home a bit more aggressively.
Getting Data on Home Pricing Trends
Getting access to MLS data is difficult for the average homeowner. This limits your ability to gather data on recently sold and active listings. However, thanks to the internet and FHFA, you can still learn a lot about home sales within your region.
Here are a few sources of data on home pricing trends:
1. Federal Housing Finance Agency: The FHFA website is an incredible source of data on recently concluded sales within a region. This includes all home mortgages backed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Housing Administration.
2. FNC Residential Price Index: FNC is an organization that specializes in conducting home appraisals. Over the years, it has conducted millions of home appraisals across multiple metro areas. It offers a Residential Price Index for over 20 metropolitan areas. Use it to understand pricing trends if you reside in any of the covered cities.
3. Real Estate Websites: Zillow.com, Redfin.com, Trulia.com, etc. are great for checking prices of recently sold and active listings. Although not entirely accurate, these tools can give you a fair idea of home prices within your region.
Buying a new home? This course will explain the entire home buying process visually.
Comparing Your Home Against Recently Sold Listings
Once you’ve gathered enough data on your home and recently sold, active and expired listings, you can start performing a comparative market analysis. Depending on how deep you want to go, this exercise might take you anywhere from few hours to a weekend.
There are a few things you must look out for when comparing homes:
1. Square Footage: Square footage and home values don’t necessarily follow a linear relationship. After a certain size, larger homes are actually worth less per square foot than smaller homes. When comparing homes, you ideally want to look at houses that fall within +- 200-400 square feet of your home size.
2. Amenities: Amenities such as a swimming pool, fireplace or large garage can go a long way in increasing home value. Make sure to consider these when comparing homes.
3. Location: Location, as any realtor would tell you, is one of the biggest factors in determining a home’s value. However, since you will likely consider sales within the same region, this shouldn’t be a big concern. What you do need to look at are whether your comparables face a quiet street or a busy intersection (quiet = higher price), whether the bedrooms face a stunning view or a back alley, and whether schools, marketplaces and public transport are nearby.
4. Construction Age: Construction age plays a big role in determining the price of a home. Older homes tend to have historic value and character, while newer homes are often perceived as bland and boring. At the same time, old homes might require extensive upgrades and renovations, which can be a significant financial drain. Ideally, you want to consider houses constructed within +-10 years of your home, especially if the home was constructed after 1950s (since such homes would have little historic value).
5. Upgrades and Renovations, if Any: Make sure to consider upgrades and renovations while conducting a CMA. A kitchen or bathroom remodel can often add a few thousand dollars to your home value.
6. Subjective Features: Buying a home is an emotional decision. Something as simple as a tree in the backyard or a quirky window can make a home appear more charming and desirable. Subjective features such as design, style, landscaping and even color can affect home prices. Even if your comparables don’t have the same subjective features as your home, it is important to include them in your analysis.
Conducting a comparative market analysis by yourself is a daunting task. Depending on your circumstances, you may choose to go with your own analysis or hire a realtor to do the same. In either case, a self-conducted CMA will give you considerable insight into the valuation process and may reflect a price more rooted in reality (especially considering how realtors aren’t immune to inflating statistics).
